Stonebreaking machines



Jan. 19, 1960 M. PICALARGA 2,921,750

STONEBREAKING MACHINES Filed Nov. 18, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

A11- ONNEH NARCELLO FcALA G-A /vwa S, M

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STONEBREAKING MACHINES Fil ed Nov. 18, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. NA RCEI. 1.0 P/ CA LARGA 4 Tramway United States Patent STONEBREAKING MACHINES Marcello Picalarga, Campagnano di Roma, Italy Application November 18, 1953, Serial No. 392,831

1 Claim. (Cl. 241-267) For making ballast for road making and like purposes, stone breakers or crushers of various kinds are used and one such strone crushing machine is provided with breaking jaws. These breaking jaws have heavy inclined surfaces which may be toothed or ribbed and are alternately moved towards one another and then separated again, in such a manner that the material to be broken which consists of coarse or large pieces is crushed between the movable jaw and a fixed jaw. Consequently only one of the breaking jaws need be moved.

Stone breaking or crushing machines of this kind, how- I ever, only produce a ballast of irregular size, whereas for road making purposes a ballast of regular size is desirable. Further, these stone breaking machines require considerable power to operate them and produce a high percentage of dust which quickly wears away the parts which are moved relatively one to the other.

An object of my invention is to provide a stone breaking machine avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages, and comprising: a cast metal housing; a movable jaw which is moved relatively to a stationary jaw, the inclina- Patented Jan. 19, 1960 ance with my invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a vertical section taken on the line -1 in Figure 2 and showing a form of the stone breaking machine;

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.

Referring to the drawings, the stone breaking machine shown on Figures 1 and 2 consists of a cast steel housing 1 of approximately cubical form with four side walls 2, 3, 4, 5 which are strengthened so far as is necessary by ribs 6 and 7. This housing is open at the top for charging the material to be broken up and also does not have a bottom in order to facilitate the discharge of the material which has been broken to the desired size.

A fixed horizontal shaft 8 is mounted above the front wall 2 of the housing and its ends are carried by parts of the opposite side walls 4 and 5. From this shaft 8 is suspended by means of a bearing 9 the upper part of a strong supporting plate 10 for a fixed jaw 11 which is made of manganese steel. Jaw 11 and plate 10 together define a fixed jaw structure. The fixed jaw 11 and also a movable breaking jaw 12 opposite to it are ribbed or toothed. The supporting plate 10 can, therefore, swing together with the fixed jaw 11 carried by it about the horizontal shaft 8 but is prevented from doing so by the tion of which is adjustable; a horizontal eccentric shaft adapted to carry and move the said lower part of the movable jaw; and a linkage which connects the upper part of the said movable jaw to the said cast metal housing and cooperates with the eccentric shaft in such a manner that, during the approach of the breaking jaws towards one another, a breaking and grinding action from above downwardly is produced, whereas during the opening of the jaws the movable jaw is again raised and separated slightly from the fixed jaw, so that the pieces which have been broken up sufliciently finely fall down between the jaws and other pieces are retained to be broken up further.

Another object of this invention is to provide a stone breaking machine of the above mentioned type, wherein the movable jaw is continuously subject to the action of one or more helical springs which are stressed when the breaking jaws run idly and are, at least partly, relieved from stress during the operation of the machine whereby the variable stresses on the eccentric shaft are equalised during operation and less energy is consumed in driving the jaws and the oscillating masses.

Other features of my invention relate to particular embodiments of the crushing surfaces of the fixed and movable jaws, the said crushing surfaces being provided with parallel teeth, the height and width of which are decreased from their middle cross-section to opposed end crosssections.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a jaw crusher of the above mentioned type, wherein the inclination of the stationary jaw can be adjusted by means of a metal plate located edgewise between the said stationary jaw and a wall of the cast metal housing, the said metal plate being adapted to break or bend when the machine is overloaded.

An embodiment of a stone-breaking machine in accordopposing action of a helical spring 13 and an adjustable safety member consisting of a rectangular metal plate 61 placed edgewise between the fixed jaw carrying the frame 10 and the front wall 2 of the cast metal housing 1. More particularly, one longitudinal edge 76 of the said metal plate 61 is engaged by notches 62 cut away in the said fixed jaW carrying frame 10, and the other longitudinal edge 77 is housed into an open ended box 63 which extends horizontally in a transverse channel 63 in the front wall 2. The safety plate 61 is designed to counteract the breaking pressure tending to shift the stationary jaw 11 toward the said front Wall 2 during the regular breakage of stones or rocks, but the said safety plate is adapted to bend when other harder materials, e.g. iron pieces and like, fall accidentally into the crushing gap 31. To adjust the inclination of the stationary jaw 11, the safety plate 61 is adjustably spaced from thebox 63 by means of spacers, e.g. metal bars 64, interposed between the proach the movable jaw 12. Thus, whereas the helical spring 13 draws the fixed jaw 11 towards the side wall 2 of the cast metal housing, since it acts on a bolt 15 which is pivoted at 16 to the fixed jaw support 10 and passes through the wall 2 of the housing, the safety plate 61 holds the fixed jaw 11 at the distance from and inclination to the housing wall 2 which is found most suitable for the regular crushing or breaking of the stone.

The previously mentioned movable breaking jaw 12 is rigidly mounted on a strong support 18 which is strengthened by longitudinal ribs 19 at the back. Jaw 12 and support 18 together constitute what may be appropriately termed a movable jaw structure. The support 18 is provided near the bottom with a sleeve or stub 20 in which an eccentric or crank shaft 21 is carried by roller bearings 22. The eccentric shaft passes through bearings 23 in the side walls 4 and 5 of the housing and carries outside the housing fly-wheels 24 (Figure 2) one of which is driven by a belt drive 36 and pulley 37. The eccentric shaft 21 carries and, therefore, also drives the support 18 of the movable jaw 12. Links 25 and ears 26, which connect the upper end of the support 18 to the rear wall 3 of the housing, act as guides during the raising and lowering of the movable jaw relatively to the fixed jaw in its movement toward and away therefrom. The links constitute elongated connecting rods articulating the upper part of the movable jaw to housing 1 They are connected at one end to the upper part of the movable jaw support 18 by means of a P equ tit tin an pper fu c um n at the other end to the @141 26; means of a pin 29 jour nalled in ball bearings 28 and 30 respectively to actas a lower fulcrum. The cars 26 are fixed at the upper end of the wall 3 of the housing by usual means which are not illustrated in the drawing. By reference to Figure 1, it will be noted that in this figure of the drawing the movable jaw structure is in'a position in which it is obviously midway between the upper and lower extreme limits ofits travel. This will be seen from the position of the eccentric shaft 21 in respect to the sleeve 20. The upper part of the movable jaw structure, which has oscillating movement about an axis defined by pin 29, is thus necessarily in a position midway between its opposite upper and lower extreme positions of oscillating movement. In this position of the upper part of the movable jaw structure, the links 25 are inclined at an angle of approximately 45 to the vertical, in a direction upwardly from the housing toward the jaw structures. The guidance and actuation of the movable support 18 by the lower eccentric shaft and the upper guide links have the result that the opening width of the opening 31 in which the stones are broken varies increasingly from top to bottom and i inc se in t mov ment f h m able breaking jaw relatively to the fixed jaw leads to the production of a more uniform ballast and to a more uniform shape than was hitherto obtainable with the known stone breaking machines. 7

The movable support 18 whose upper part attached to pivot pin 27 oscillates along an arcuate path about pivot pin 29, is continuously pressed by means of a strong helical spring 32 towards the fixed jaw 11. This spring is supported on the one hand against the rear wall 3 of the housing, and on the other hand against the rear side 33 of the movable jaw. The spring pressure is preferably adjustable, for example by a threaded bolt 34 which passes through a turnable sleeve 35 and ends in a bearing plate 34 for the spring. The helical spring 32 is stressed while the movable break ng jaw is moving away from the fixed jaw and is relieved of stress during the approach of the movable jaw to the fixed jaw, i.e., during the working process. The spring, therefore, acts to equalise or compensate the stresses on the eccentric shaft, which results in a reduction in the energy necessary for the operation of the machine.

I claim:

A stone-breaking machine comprising a housing; a movable breaking-jaw structure having an upper part and a lower part; a fixed breaking-jaw structure; a crank shaft journaled in said housing and extending through said lower part for reciprocating said lower part toward and away from said fixed jaw structure upon rotation of said shaft; an elongated connecting rod articulating said upper part to said housing for translating the reciprocating motion of said lower part into an arcuate motion of said upper part, said rod having a lower end pivotally attached to said housing and an upper end pivotally attached to said upper part, said rod being inclined upwardly at an angle of approximately 45 to the vertical when said upper part is substantially at the midpoint of its arcuate path; and a compression spring for urging said movable jaw structure toward said fixed jaw structure, said compression spring contacting said housing at one end, the other end of said spring contacting said lower part between said shaft and said rod.

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